Can lignin be used for biofuel?
Can lignin be used for biofuel?
Lignin can be efficiently used for the production of biofuel or other useful compounds by two ways. The first one is uncoupling lignin polymer from other cell wall polymers and secondly by exploiting the properties of lignin polymer for biofuel or for the production of other commercially useful compounds.
Can lignin be hydrolyzed?
In addition, genetic engineering to reduce the content of lignin has been shown to increase the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. The rigid and compact structure of plant cell walls contributes to the lignocellulose recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis.
Which lignocellulosic material can be used for bioethanol production?
2. Lignocellulose
| Raw material | Lignin (wt.%) | Cellulose (wt.%) |
|---|---|---|
| Hardwoods | 18–25 | 45–55 |
| Softwoods | 25–35 | 45–50 |
| Grasses | 10–30 | 25–40 |
What is the role of lignin to plants?
As a complex phenolic polymer, lignin enhances plant cell wall rigidity, hydrophobic properties and promotes minerals transport through the vascular bundles in plant [13]. In addition, lignin is an important barrier that protects against pests and pathogens [14].
How do you extract lignin from rice straws?
The pellets rich in the hemicellulose were filtered, washed with 70% ethanol, and air-dried. After the evaporation of ethanol, the alkali soluble lignin was obtained by precipitation at pH 1.5 adjusted by HCl. The solid rich in lignin was then washed with acidified solution pH 2.0 and freeze-dried.
What is the raw material normally used in bioethanol production?
About 40% of the global bioethanol production is from sugar cane and sugar beet and nearly 60% is from starch-containing feedstocks (18). In Europe, the most convenient renewable raw materials for bioethanol production are grains (mostly wheat) and sugar beet (19).
What are the main ingredients needed to manufacture bio ethanol?
Bioethanol is typically produced via microbial fermentation of fermentable sugars, such as glucose, to ethanol. Traditional feedstocks (e.g., first-generation feedstock) include cereal grains, sugar cane, and sugar beets.
Is organosolv pretreatment a pathway for biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass?
From the point of view for integrated utilization of lignocellulosic biomass, organosolv pretreatment provides a pathway for biorefining of biomass.
What is the organosolv process?
The organosolv process presented by van der Linden et al. (2012) apparently included size reduction, organosolv cooking, solvent, furfural, and lignin recovery as well as pulp washing but no major auxiliary processes.
Is Organosolv pulping the most expensive process in bioethanol production?
Since it has also been considered one of the most expensive processing steps (Mosier et al. 2005), the choice and development of a pretreatment method could have a considerable effect on the economics of bioethanol production. One possible pretreatment method is organosolv pulping in which lignin is dissolved in an organic solvent.
How to assess the economic feasibility of the organosolv process?
In the economic assessment of the organosolv process, the capital investment and variable and fixed costs as well as the co-product credits were assessed first. Based on these, the MESP was calculated to analyze the economic feasibility of the organosolv process.