How do you classify hydrocephalus?
How do you classify hydrocephalus?
Classification and Types of Hydrocephalus
- Congenital hydrocephalus , which is present at birth.
- Acquired hydrocephalus, which develops at the time of birth or later.
- Normal-pressure hydrocephalus, which usually develops in people who are age 55 or older.
What is a temporal horn?
The temporal horn of the lateral ventricle (inferior horn, descending horn; middle horn; medicornu), is the largest of the horns of the lateral ventricle, traverses the temporal lobe of the brain, forming in its course a curve around the posterior end of the thalamus.
When is hydrocephalus detected?
Hydrocephalus is typically detected through a prenatal ultrasound between 15 and 35 weeks gestation. Our specialists are able to confirm this diagnosis with a fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam, which provides more detailed images of the brain.
What are the three types of hydrocephalus?
The two major types of hydrocephalus are called communicating hydrocephalus and non-communicating hydrocephalus.
- Communicating hydrocephalus occurs when the flow of CSF is blocked after it exits the ventricles.
- Congenital hydrocephalus.
- Acquired hydrocephalus.
When is contrast needed for CT head?
In general, oral contrast is used for most abdominal and pelvic CT scans unless there is no suspicion of bowel pathology (e.g., noncontrast CT to detect kidney stones) or when administration would delay a diagnosis in the trauma setting.
How is communicating hydrocephalus characterized on CT and MRI?
On imaging, it can be characterized both on CT and MRI by enlarged lateral and third ventricles out of proportion to the cortical sulcal enlargement. This article is focused on idiopathic cases. For a discussion of secondary causes of communicating hydrocephalus, please refer to the article hydrocephalus.
What are the classical clinical findings of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
The classical clinical findings of normal pressure hydrocephalus are 1-3. urinary incontinence. deterioration in cognition (dementia) gait disturbances.
How is hydrocephalus diagnosed radiographically?
e-Figure 32-4 Various methods of radiographically diagnosing hydrocephalus. A, The ventricular index is the ratio of the ventricular diameter at the level of the frontal horns to the diameter of the brain measured at the same level.
Which physical findings are characteristic of hydrocephalus in children?
Enlargement of the ventricles disproportionate to enlargement of the cortical sulci favors a diagnosis of hydrocephalus. However, this parameter is not reliable in children, especially in the first years of life, because patients with communicating hydrocephalus and atrophy have enlargement of both of the fluid spaces.